Understanding Genetic Genealogy
Genetic genealogy combines traditional genealogy research with the study of DNA to trace family lineages and uncover ancestral connections.
Related: What to Expect from DNA Testing
Related: Choosing a DNA Test
This involves comparing a person’s DNA to others in databases to find shared genes that point to a common ancestor. This kind of genetic research can be really helpful for people who were adopted or don’t know one or both of their parents, helping them find biological family members and learn more about their family background. It can also show unexpected things, like different ethnic backgrounds or unknown relatives, changing the way a person sees their heritage.
Genetic genealogy research involves several key steps
Many people think when they take a DNA test, the results will immediately identify the person they are looking for, but in most cases the process is more complicated.
1. DNA Testing: The first step in genetic genealogy research is to have DNA testing conducted. This typically involves collecting a DNA sample, often through a simple cheek swab or saliva sample. There are several types of DNA tests available, including Y-DNA testing (tracing the direct paternal line), mtDNA testing (tracing the direct maternal line), and autosomal DNA testing (providing a broader picture of one’s genetic ancestry).
2. Data Analysis: Once the DNA sample is collected and processed, the next step is to analyze the resulting genetic data. This analysis involves comparing the tested individual’s DNA with databases of other individuals’ DNA in order to identify potential genetic matches.
3. Building Family Trees: Genetic matches identified through DNA testing can be used to build and expand family trees. By comparing genetic data and identifying shared DNA segments, researchers can begin to piece together the relationships between individuals and discover common ancestors.
Many people think when they take a DNA test, the results will identify the person they are looking for, but that often is not the case. Instead, DNA results list close and distant matches to you, and additional sometimes extensive research is needed, which can be surprising and overwhelming, and ultimately discouraging. Hiring a professional genealogist can help you reach your goals and is the most cost effective route in this case.
4. Traditional Genealogical Research: Genetic genealogy research is often complemented by traditional genealogical research methods, such as examining historical records, census data, immigration records, and other documents to validate and expand upon the information gathered through DNA testing.